Fuel

Cultivation

Wild progenitors

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Dung India

Dung Turkey

Dung Syria

Dung Turkey

Dung Armenia

Wood Afghanistan

Wood Nepal

Reed Afghanistan

Shrubs Afghanistan

Thistles Turkey

 

Making dung cakes. On the left the prepared cakes ready for drying. These cakes are used for winter fuel for both cooking and heating. This photo was taken in the village of Asvan, Elazig province, EasternTurkey. The Asvan project was a precurser of future excavations in the Near East. Plant and animal remains were systematically recovered from multiperiod sites

1973