Fuel

Cultivation

Wild progenitors

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Chaff used as a tempering material in buidling earth. Glumes, lemmas, awns and stems are visible. This method of tempering building earth is practically universal and is found across the old world and new world past and present. Cereal chaff impressions have been found in building earth on archaeological sites from the early Neolithic onwards. This modern example comes from Asilki Cappadocia

Turkey 2012